Activity profile between winners and losers in Silat Olahraga Women Category Class C 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to
identify the performance
indicator between winning and losing in Silat. There are three selected match
from women categories Class C which are first match Indonesia versus Singapore,
second match Indonesia versus Philippines, and last match Vietnam versus
Indonesia. The data analysis collected from 28th SEA Games Singapore
2015. Besides that, there is 14 indicators that have been analyses, but only
four indicator were been for the discussion. The four important indicator were
been discuss such as, punch, kick, sweep and topple. The notational analysis
was used to record the all outcomes such as hit target, hit elsewhere and miss
opponent indicators. The result show, Indonesia had won in two match in quarter
final and semi final women Class C.
Introduction:
Silat is a form of
martial art and the type of self-defense that originated from Asian. It is
called as a tradition practiced in Southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam,
Brunei, Philippines and Malaysia. Silat can be divided into two categories
which are Silat Seni and Silat Olahraga. According to Anuar (1993) silat
olahraga is a sport that existed in the midst of development of thousands of
silat schools in Archipelago. Olahraga means the ability for a silat exponent
to perform their silat technique in combat with striking and defensive actions
such as punching, kicking, tossing, parrying, blocking and any skill that
related to silat techniques.
Past research recorded
the coded technique as a part of defensive and offensive movements, for
example, mixed-martial arts, boxing and Muay Thai. There are 11 classes, which
starts from class A until class K (Latiff, 2012) but for this purpose
of study, the class category that will be taken is in woman categorized from
class C only. The purpose of this study was to identify the activity profile between
winning and losing in Silat match.
Materials and method:
The data have been collected from 28th
SEA Games Singapore 2015, which women category Class C. The sources of match
videos were found from Youtube. Every
match require three rounds in total fighting. By watching the videos, the
matches has been used to notated and analyzed in this study. The video could be
paused and played back to notate the each movement category. The frequency,
mean and standard deviation of the performance were calculated subsequently.
The methods used for analyze were video analysis and hand notational. The
notational analysis was used to record the all outcomes such as hit target, hit
elsewhere and miss opponent indicators. There were 14 types of indicators used
to analyze the matches.
Motion
categories:
Silat exponent’s
motions were coded into 14 types of indicators and were defined as follows:
i.
Block
The blocking
developments start with the stance position 'sikap pasang', which is the type
stands straight with his hands around his body or hidden from everyone else.
Blocking or repelling 'tangkisan' should be possible utilizing arms, elbows and
legs with the reason to close off or striking back at any attack (Shapie et
al., 2013).
ii.
Block and Kick
The blocking strategy
is utilized to obstruct any hand or leg assault from the opponent and took
after by counter attack utilizing the leg to kick the opponent. (Shapie et al.,
2013).
iii. Block
and sweep
The blocking technique
is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by
counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent (Shapie et al., 2013).
iv. Kick
The kick
'tendang/terajang' is an assaulting development which is performed with one leg
or two legs all the while. It can be front kick 'tendang depan', side-kick
'depak' or semi-roundabout side kick 'tendang lengkar' (Shapie et al., 2013).
v.
Fake kick
An action which a silat
exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his
opponent defensive posture (Shapie et al, 2013).
vi. Punch
The punch 'tumbuk'
assault is finished by a hand with a shut clench hand hitting the objective. In
silat punching is regularly used to fight the opponent. (Shapie et al, 2013).
vii. Fake
Punch
An action which a silat
exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his
opponent’s defensive posture (Shapie et al., 2013).
viii. Self
Release
Self release 'lepas
tangkapan' strategy is a system to unlock any secure or catch from an opponent
(Shapie et al., 2013).
ix. Topple
There are different
methods for toppling down one's opponent. For illustration, a silat example
'pesilat' can either push, push the opponent's back leg from the sack or from
the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to influence the rival to lose his
adjust. Each fall is viewed as substantial as long as the silat exponent
topples his opponent down without wrestling or he is able to overpower the
rival whom he has cut down (Shapie et al., 2013).
x.
Sweep
Swiping 'sapuan'
includes assaulting an opponent's leg which are on the ground to unstabilise
him and convey down to the ground. Hence, front breadth 'sapuan depan' is
finished by swinging the leg to the front to push a rival's front leg, while
back scope 'sapuan belakang' is done by swinging the leg in reverse to hit the
back leg (Shapie et al., 2013).
xi. Catch
The catch 'tangkapan'
is finished by utilizing the hand to discourage the rival from completing an
assault. The silat example can keep himself from being assaulted by pointing
the assault which he has gotten to another heading. (Shapie et al., 2013).
xii. Dodge
The evade ‘elakan’
technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to evade an attack.
This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch the opponent in
fending off the attack. (Shapie et al., 2013).
xiii. Others
Is the basic commands.
The referee will say ‘Mulai’ meaning ‘Begin’ to start the game and ‘Berhenti’
also known as ‘Stop’ to stop the fight.
Reliability of observation
In
a 3 matches, the author analyzed all the activities and simultaneously
classified each change of motion. Experienced silat practitioner is required to
analyze data as the movement of both exponents is quick and it need close
review. The classification of movement was subjective with work being classified
according to the instruction given by the referee.
Statistical analysis:
All the raw data generated by the FOCUS
System was exported into Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and then transferred into
SPSS for more detailed analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted by using
Statistical Package for Social Scientists, Version 21.
Results:
The result has been showed in the table
below which is all action that have been analyzed. There are three outcomes
based on the observation from the video matches, such as hit target, hit
elsewhere and miss opponent. Two of this matches, had won by Indonesia in
quarter final and semi final match.
Frequency of action and outcome recorded
Table 1. Quater Final match Indonesia
versus Singapore female Class C (Indonesian won)
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||||||
Winner
|
Loser
|
Total
|
|||||||
|
HT
|
HE
|
MO
|
NA
|
HT
|
HE
|
MO
|
NA
|
|
Block
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Block
and Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block
and Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block
and Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kick
|
5
|
17
|
|
|
4
|
22
|
|
1
|
49
|
Fake
Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Punch
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
3
|
|
|
7
|
Fake
Punch
|
1
|
|
|
5
|
2
|
|
|
1
|
9
|
Self-release
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Topple
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Sweep
|
1
|
7
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
|
Catch
|
2
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
7
|
Dodge
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
10
|
24
|
1
|
6
|
15
|
25
|
|
2
|
83
|
*Notes: HT=Hit Target HE=Hit Elsewhere
MO=Miss Opponent NA=Not Available
Frequency profile of match
Table 1.2. Quarter Final match Indonesia
versus Singapore female Class C (Indonesia won)
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Winner
|
|
22
|
1
|
9
|
32
|
Loser
|
7
|
27
|
|
|
27
|
Total
|
7
|
49
|
1
|
9
|
59
|
Frequency
of action and outcome recorded
Table 2. Semi Final match Indonesia versus
Philippines female Class C (Indonesia won)
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||||||
Winner
|
Loser
|
Total
|
|||||||
|
HT
|
HE
|
MO
|
NA
|
HT
|
HE
|
MO
|
NA
|
|
Block
|
5
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
7
|
Block
and Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block
and Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block
and Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kick
|
13
|
21
|
|
5
|
8
|
27
|
|
5
|
79
|
Fake
Kick
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
Punch
|
3
|
|
|
|
6
|
1
|
|
|
10
|
Fake
Punch
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
6
|
7
|
Self-release
|
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2
|
Topple
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
Sweep
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
5
|
Catch
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
3
|
Dodge
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
23
|
25
|
2
|
5
|
19
|
29
|
|
12
|
115
|
*Notes: HT=Hit Target HE=Hit Elsewhere
MO=Miss Opponent NA=Not Available
Frequency profile of match
Table 2.1. Semi final match Indonesia versus
Philippines female Class C (Indonesia won)
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Winner
|
3
|
39
|
2
|
5
|
49
|
Loser
|
7
|
40
|
|
|
47
|
Total
|
10
|
79
|
2
|
5
|
96
|
Frequency of action and outcome
recorded
Table 3. Match Final Vietnam versus Indonesia
female Class C (Vietnam won)
Action
|
Outcome
|
||||||||
Winner
|
Loser
|
Total
|
|||||||
|
HT
|
HE
|
MO
|
NA
|
HT
|
HE
|
MO
|
NA
|
|
Block
|
1
|
4
|
|
|
|
5
|
2
|
|
12
|
Block
and Kick
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
5
|
|
|
8
|
Block
and Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Block
and Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kick
|
13
|
2
|
2
|
|
14
|
5
|
6
|
|
42
|
Fake
Kick
|
|
|
|
96
|
|
|
|
1
|
97
|
Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fake
Punch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Self-release
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
1
|
|
4
|
Topple
|
3
|
1
|
4
|
|
|
1
|
3
|
|
12
|
Sweep
|
|
|
7
|
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
|
12
|
Catch
|
5
|
3
|
2
|
|
2
|
1
|
22
|
|
35
|
Dodge
|
5
|
3
|
1
|
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
|
16
|
Others
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
29
|
58
|
Total
|
28
|
13
|
16
|
125
|
24
|
22
|
38
|
30
|
296
|
*Notes: HT=Hit Target HE=Hit Elsewhere
MO=Miss Opponent NA=Not Available
Frequency profile of match
Table 3.1 Vietnam
versus Indonesia female Class C (Vietnam won)
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Winner
|
|
17
|
8
|
7
|
32
|
Loser
|
|
25
|
4
|
5
|
34
|
Total
|
|
42
|
12
|
12
|
66
|
Discussion:
Based on the data
collected and results has shown, Indonesia was won for two times in match
Quarter final Indonesia versus Singapore and Semi final Indonesia versus
Philippines. Indonesia just once lose to the exponents from Vietnam in final
match. The losing team makes less movement than the winning team.
From the first match
result Indonesia versus Singapore women category which Indonesia was won this
match. Match between Nurul Shafiqa from Singapore and Wewey Wita from
Indonesia. The factor of the team Indonesia won the match are based on the
actions and the outcome which are shown at Table 1. The researcher had observed
from that Indonesia was performed the sweep action more than the opponents.
Wewey Wita got her points from 9 sweeps and 1 topple and Singapore has doing
any of the motions. From the result, can see that punch technique is rarely
been used by both competitors for every round.
Next, the second match
result which is Indonesia versus Philippines, and had won by Indonesia. Match
between Clyde Joy from Philippines and Wewey Wita from Indonesia. Based on the
result, Wewey Wita was performed the sweep action more than the opponents.
Indonesia team perform well in kick, sweep and topple. Especially in kicking
she did like almost 39 kick and for sweep and topple both were 5 and 2.
The third match was
between Indonesia and Vietnam, and the match won by Vietnam. Match between Thi
Loan from Vietnam and Wewey Wita from Indonesia. Based on the frequency action
tables, Vietnam was very aggressive in attacking Indonesia. Indonesia gives the
opportunity to Indonesia to make more attacking during match. From the
observation, Vietnam did 8 sweep and 7 topple during total round in the match
and lead the game. Indonesia doing less sweep and topple also no punch at all
from both of the exponents.
All the winner
were performed more action on topple and sweep rather than the exponents from
the loser.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, this
study shows the activity profile that might be the winning factor in SEA Games
Singapore 2015. Based on the researcher, punch hit target, kick hit target,
sweep, and topple skill was mostly used for winning team (Anuar, 1993). From
the observation, the winner team used a lot of technique and action that
involve the higher point such as topple and sweep. Both competitors for every
matches also less using a punch. From all the video
notated, Indonesia team showed and performed a good game during the matches.
This analyze showed that the correct and effective technical and tactical are
the main factors to win the match.
References:
Sport
Singapore. (2015) Pencak Silat Tanding Women’s Class C Quater Final INA vs SIN
(Day 6) 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2017,
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWJhMdXN1Ms
Sport
Singapore. (2015) Pencak Silat Tanding Women’s
Class C Semi Final PHI vs INA (Day 8) 28th SEA Games
Singapore 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7d9BCCj-DIE
Sport
Singapore. (2015) Pencak Silat Tanding Women’s Class C Final VIE vs INA (Day 9)
28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbTydViG6pU
A. Anuar. (1993). Silat
olahraga (2nd edn.). The art, technique and regulations: Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.
A. A. Wahab.
(1989). Silat olahraga: The art, techniques and regulations: Dewan Bahasa
dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Aziz, A. R., Tan, B., &
Teh, K. C. (2002). Physiological responses during matches and profile of elite
pencak silat exponents. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 1, 147-155.
D. Farrer. (2009). Seni silat
haqq melayu: A sufi martial art Shadows of the prophet (pp. 3-42): Springer.
Latiff, Z. A. (2012).
Revisiting Pencak Silat: The MALAY Martial Arts in Theatre Practice
and Actor Training. Asian Theatre Journal 29(2), 379-401. University
of Hawai'i Press. Retrieved April 7, 2017, from Project MUSE database.
M. M. Shapie, J. Oliver, P.
O’Donoghue, & R. Tong. (2013). Activity profile during action time in
national silat competition. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts.,
1(2), 81-86.
N. Shapie, J. Oliver, P.
O'Donoghue, & R. Tong. (2013). Activity profile during action time in national
silat competition. Journal of Combat Sport and Martial Arts, 4(1), 81-85.
S.
Lenetsky, R. J. Nates, M. Brughelli, & N. K. Harris. (2015). Is effective
mass in combat sport punching above its weight? Human Movement Science, 40,
89-97.
Widiastuti,
W. (2014). Using game approach in improving learning outcomes of pencak silat.
Asian Social Science, 10(5), 168.
Wilson,
I. D. (2003). The politics of inner power: the practice of Pencak Silat in
West Java (Doctoral dissertation, Murdoch University).
Vincent,
P., Nizan, M. S. M., & Julinamary, P. (2015). Motives of taking part in
MALAY Silat, Karate-Do and Taekwondo. Ido Movement for Culture.
Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 15(3), 22-26.
Recommendations:
The researcher recommended that both defensive
and offensive movements should be balances in their training program. Coaches
must play a role to teach and develop the kind of skills to their athletes.
While, the technique need to be perfect to ensure that athletes can earn points
and win the match. Therefore, it is important for the athletes to do more
practice, especially the sweep and topple skill. This is because it has a big
points, and may contribute to the scoring points if the athletes can perform
well the action in the match. Moreover, the exponents also should be alert and
focus the opponents’ weakness. The athletes should know how to read the match.
Appendices
Match 1. Quarter final match Indonesia
vs. Singapore female Class C (Indonesia won)
Statistics
|
|||
|
WinnerC
|
LoserC
|
|
N
|
Valid
|
32
|
27
|
Missing
|
0
|
5
|
|
Mean
|
2.59
|
2.00
|
|
Std. Error of Mean
|
.161
|
.000
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.911
|
.000
|
|
Variance
|
.830
|
.000
|
|
Range
|
2
|
0
|
WinnerC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid Percent
|
Cumulative Percent
|
|
Valid
|
kick
|
22
|
68.8
|
68.8
|
68.8
|
topple
|
1
|
3.1
|
3.1
|
71.9
|
|
sweep
|
9
|
28.1
|
28.1
|
100.0
|
|
Total
|
32
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
|
LoserC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid Percent
|
Cumulative Percent
|
|
Valid
|
kick
|
27
|
84.4
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
Missing
|
System
|
5
|
15.6
|
|
|
Total
|
32
|
100.0
|
|
|
Match 2. Semi final match Indonesia vs.
Philippine female Class C (Indonesia won)
Statistics
|
|||
|
WinnerC
|
LoserC
|
|
N
|
Valid
|
49
|
47
|
Missing
|
0
|
2
|
|
Mean
|
2.12
|
1.85
|
|
Std. Error of Mean
|
.081
|
.052
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.564
|
.360
|
|
Variance
|
.318
|
.130
|
|
Range
|
3
|
1
|
WinnerC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid Percent
|
Cumulative Percent
|
|
Valid
|
punch
|
3
|
6.1
|
6.1
|
6.1
|
kick
|
39
|
79.6
|
79.6
|
85.7
|
|
topple
|
5
|
10.2
|
10.2
|
95.9
|
|
sweep
|
2
|
4.1
|
4.1
|
100.0
|
|
Total
|
49
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
|
LoserC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid Percent
|
Cumulative Percent
|
|
Valid
|
punch
|
7
|
14.3
|
14.9
|
14.9
|
kick
|
40
|
81.6
|
85.1
|
100.0
|
|
Total
|
47
|
95.9
|
100.0
|
|
|
Missing
|
System
|
2
|
4.1
|
|
|
Total
|
49
|
100.0
|
|
|
Match 3. Final match Vietnam vs.
Indonesia female Class C (Vietnam won)
Statistics
|
|||
|
WinnerC
|
LoserC
|
|
N
|
Valid
|
32
|
34
|
Missing
|
2
|
0
|
|
Mean
|
2.69
|
2.41
|
|
Std. Error of Mean
|
.145
|
.127
|
|
Std. Deviation
|
.821
|
.743
|
|
Variance
|
.673
|
.553
|
|
Range
|
2
|
2
|
WinnerC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid Percent
|
Cumulative Percent
|
|
Valid
|
kick
|
17
|
50.0
|
53.1
|
53.1
|
topple
|
8
|
23.5
|
25.0
|
78.1
|
|
sweep
|
7
|
20.6
|
21.9
|
100.0
|
|
Total
|
32
|
94.1
|
100.0
|
|
|
Missing
|
System
|
2
|
5.9
|
|
|
Total
|
34
|
100.0
|
|
|
LoserC
|
|||||
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
Valid Percent
|
Cumulative Percent
|
|
Valid
|
kick
|
25
|
73.5
|
73.5
|
73.5
|
topple
|
4
|
11.8
|
11.8
|
85.3
|
|
sweep
|
5
|
14.7
|
14.7
|
100.0
|
|
Total
|
34
|
100.0
|
100.0
|
|
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